Under Construction

Pterygioteuthis microlampas Berry 1913

Annie Lindgren, Richard E. Young, and Katharina M. Mangold (1922-2003)
Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window
Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window
Containing group: Pterygioteuthis gemmata group

Introduction

Pterygioteuthis microlampas and P. gemmata are very similar but are most easily separated by the smaller size of adult P. microlampas and fewer number of hooks on the arms of males of this species (Riddell, 1985).

A Pterygioteuthis with ...

 

Characteristics

  1. Arms - hooks on arms I-III in 1 series (ventral).  Sheath (fleshy covering) is greatly enlarged on all hooks in males. 
    1. Arms I
      1. 3-6 pairs of suckers proximal to hooks.
      2. Hooks: 1 in males, 3 in females.
      3. Small, normal (non-globular) suckers distal to hooks.
        Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window
        Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window

        Figure.  Side view of left arm I from a male P. microlampas.  Note single enlarged hook sheath.  ©

    2. Arms II
      1. 5 pairs suckers proximal to hooks.
      2. Hooks: 1-2 in males, 3-5 in females
      3. 4-8 pairs small suckers distal to hooks.
        Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window
        Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window

        Figure.  Oral view of a right arm II for a male P. microlampas.  Note enlarged ventral hook sheaths.  © Annie Lindgren

    3. Arms III
      1. Suckers proximal to hooks: 3 pair in males, 4-5 pair in females.
      2. Hooks: 2-3 in males, 3-5 in females.
      3. 4-7 pairs small suckers distal to hooks.
        Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window
        Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window


        Figure.  Oral view of left arms III for P. microlampas. Top - Female with 3 hooks.  Bottom - Male with 3 hooks and enlarged sheaths.  ©

    4. Arms IV (click here for images).
      1. 2 series small suckers in males and females. 
      2. Left arm IV hectocotylized.  Hectocotylus plate with many small teeth. 
  2. Tentacles 
    1. Suckers in 4 series, but proximal 2-4 rows have enlarged dorsal suckers (click here for image).

  3. Head
    1. Buccal crown with papillae (few to no ridges - click here for images).

  4. Photophores
    1. Eye with 10 large (9 visible on left eye of photograph) and 4 small photophores (visible on right eye of photograph - click here for images).

    2. Tentacles with 4 embedded photophores (1 large, spherical photophore at bend in base of tentacular stalk; 2 small spherical photophores along stalk, 1 small spherical photophore at club base - click here for images).

  5. Pigmentation
    1. Tentacular chromatophores are concentrated at the base (or bulge) of tentacle stalk, continue up along the stalk in a single row, concentrated again at the tentacle club base, and cover the aboral surface of the tentacular club.
      Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window
      Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window

      Figure.  Top - Side view of a tentacular chromatophores of P. microlampasBottom - Close-up view of aboral tentacle club chromatophores.  ©

    2. Funnel chromatophores begin dorsolateral to locking apparatus, and continue up and across the ventral funnel surface.
      Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window
      Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window

      Figure.  Ventral view of a male P. microlampas. Note large chormatophores on ventral surface. ©

  6. Size
    1. Females mature at 18-20 mm ML; males at 17 mm ML (Riddell, 1985).
    2. Maximum length about 23 mm ML.
  7. * Characters shared with P. gemmata.

Comments

Further description of P. microlampas can be found here. 

Life history

Paralarvae

Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window
Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window
          

Figure. Paralarval P. microlampas. Top -Ventral view, 2.9 mm ML. Drawing modified from Young, et al., 1992. Bottom - Anterodorsal, lateral views. In situ photographs by Jeffrey Milisen.

Young paralarvae are most easily recognized by:

  1. Large, dark chromatophore at the base of the tentacular club.
  2. Small size of the ocular photophores.
  3. Pair of chromatophores of the ventral surface of the funnel (present only in advanced paralarvae; colored grey in the illustration as it is hidden beneath the mantle).
  4. Numerous chromatophores on the mantle.

Although paralarvae are easily damaged in plankton nets, character number 1 is usually apparent. Compare with paralarvae of Pterygioteuthis giardi and Pyroteuthis addolux.

Juveniles 

Juveniles of GL< 10 mm have several adult characteristics:

Distribution

Vertical distribution

In Hawaiian waters P. microlampas is found mostly between depths of 450-500m during the day and 50-100 m at night (Young, 1978).

Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window
Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window

Figure. Vertical distirbution of P. microlampas, Hawaiian waters. Yellow dots - Modal depth of trawl, day capture. Blue dots - Modal depth of trawl, night capture. Bars - Depth range of trawl. Chart modified from Young, 1978.

Geographical distribution

This species was first described from Hawaiian waters (Berry, 1913) and has since been reported from waters near New Zealand north of the tropical convergence (ca. 28° S. Lat.). At this locality it barely overlaps with the more southernly P. gemmata as seen in the data from Riddell (1985).

Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window
Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window

Figure. Geographical distribution of Pterygioteuthis spp. near New Zealand. Yellow circles represent captures of P. gemmata and white triangles captures of P. microlampas. Chart modified from Riddell, 1985.

The world map shows some of the general localities (white circles) where P. microlampas has been captured. Localities where pyroteuthids, other than this species, have been captured are represented by yellow crosses. Only one record per general locality is included (records listed here). P. microlampas presumably occurs throughout much of the tropical Pacific but seems to be absent from the Eastern Tropical Pacific. No regional differences in taxonomic characteristics are known.

Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window
Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window

Figure. Geographical distribution of P. microlampas (white circles).

References

Berry, S. S. 1913. Diagnoses of new cephalopods from the Hawaiian Islands. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 37: 407-419.

Lindgren, A.R. 2010. Systematics and distribution of the squid genus Pterygioteuthis (Cephalopoda: Oegopsida) in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 76(4): 398-398.

Riddell, D. J. 1985. Enoploteuthidae of the New Zealand Region. Fisheries Research Bulletin. New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, No.27: 1-52.

Young, R. E., K. M. Mangold and M. Vecchione. 1992. The enoploteuthid group of families. P. 55-66. In: Sweeney, M. J., C. F. E. Roper, K. M. Mangold, M. R. Clarke and S. V. Boletzky (Eds.). "Larval" and juvenile cephalopods: A manual for their identification. Smithson. Contr. Zool. No. 513.

Title Illustrations
Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window
Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window
Scientific Name Pterygioteuthis microlampas
Location Hawaiian waters
View ventrolateral
Image Use creative commons This media file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License - Version 3.0.
Copyright © 1996
About This Page


Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA


University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA

Katharina M. Mangold (1922-2003)
Laboratoire Arago, Banyuls-Sur-Mer, France

Correspondence regarding this page should be directed to Annie Lindgren at and Richard E. Young at

All Rights Reserved.

Citing this page:

Lindgren, Annie, Richard E. Young, and Katharina M. Mangold (1922-2003). 2016. Pterygioteuthis microlampas Berry 1913. Version 16 November 2016 (under construction). http://tolweb.org/Pterygioteuthis_microlampas/19752/2016.11.16 in The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/

edit this page
close box

This page is a Tree of Life Leaf Page.

Each ToL leaf page provides a synopsis of the characteristics of a group of organisms representing a leaf at the tip of the Tree of Life. The major distinction between a leaf and a branch of the Tree of Life is that a leaf cannot generally be further subdivided into subgroups representing distinct genetic lineages.

For a more detailed explanation of the different ToL page types, have a look at the Structure of the Tree of Life page.

close box

Pterygioteuthis microlampas

Page Content

articles & notes

collections

people

Explore Other Groups

random page

  go to the Tree of Life home page
top